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Consumers
(herbivores and
Primary predators)
Autotrophic Heterotrophic
producers

Decay, Detrivores

Image 9.- Trophic relation in ecosystems. On top, typification of trophic categories. On the bottom,
an example trophic hierarchy.

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the
views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the

information contained therein.